Glass, Emery and Multi-Sided Nail Files Explained

Glass files use an abrasive glass surface, while emery boards have an abrasive material on a flexible board. Multi-sided nail files combine several surfaces, often designed for different stages of shaping and finishing.

The best file for you depends on what you want to achieve, whether that’s shortening, shaping, smoothing or adding a final touch. Rather than choosing based on appearance alone, check the file’s material, grit and intended use.

Glass nail files

A glass nail file is a rigid, reusable option that can be a great addition to your manicure kit. It’s easy to store and, with the right care, can be used again and again.

Because glass can be damaged by impact, keep your file protected when it’s not in use and always follow the care instructions for your particular product.

Emery boards

Emery boards are lightweight and straightforward, making them a popular choice for everyday nail shaping. They’re available in different levels of coarseness, so choose one that suits the job you’re doing.

As the abrasive surface wears down, or if the board becomes damaged or difficult to clean, it’s time to replace it.

Multi-sided nail files

Multi-sided files combine several surfaces in one tool, making them useful if you like having different options for shaping, smoothing and finishing.

Follow the labelled stages rather than repeatedly using the coarsest surface, and replace the file when it becomes worn or damaged.

Nail file grit

Grit simply describes how coarse or fine the abrasive surface of a nail file is. A coarser surface removes more material, while a finer one is better for refining and smoothing the edge.

The right grit will depend on the file and what you’re using it for, so always check the product instructions rather than relying on a general grit chart. Natural nails, extensions and other nail systems can all require different approaches.

Edge file vs buffer

A nail file is designed to shape the free edge of the nail, while a buffer is used on the nail surface or for finishing, depending on the product.

They aren’t interchangeable, so if you’re using a multi-sided tool, check what each surface is designed for before you begin. Buffing more often won’t necessarily give you a better finish - gentle use is always best.

How to file nails

Filing your nails doesn’t need to be complicated. Start by checking your nails and the surrounding skin, then choose a file that’s suitable for the job.

1. Hold the finger or toe comfortably and start at the free edge.
2. Use gentle, controlled movements in the direction recommended for your life.
3. Check the shape as you go rather than filing continuously. 
4. Switch to a finer surface when appropriate for smoothing and refining. 
5. Stop if your nails starts to feel uncomfortable. 
6. Once you're happy with the shape, remove any detail dust and clean your file as directed. 

Take your time and file gradually. It’s much easier to remove a little more if needed than to correct an edge that has been over-filed.

Choosing a shape

When choosing a nail shape, work with your natural nail length and existing free edge. The aim is to refine the shape rather than force an outline that doesn’t suit the nail.

Take your time and check the shape from different angles as you file. If you have a split, sore or damaged area, avoid filing aggressively around it.

Cleaning and storage

Different nail files need different care. Glass files can often be washed, but always follow the product’s instructions and allow them to dry fully. Emery boards may have more limited cleaning options and will usually need replacing once worn.

For multi-sided files, take care when cleaning so you don’t damage the different surfaces or remove any labels.

Whichever file you choose, store it somewhere dry and protected from bending, impact and contact with sharp tools. A case or sleeve can be particularly useful for keeping glass files safe.

Avoid sealing a damp emery board in a pouch - let it dry properly first.

Travel

If you’re taking your nail files away with you, keep them clean, dry and protected. A sleeve is particularly useful for glass files, helping to protect them from knocks while keeping them separate from the rest of your belongings.

Keep files away from liquids and anything heavy that could damage them. If you’re travelling by air or attending an event, it’s also worth checking any rules around carrying metal or sharp manicure tools.

Create a simple file rotation

You don’t need a large collection of nail files. Keeping one you regularly use and a clean spare can be enough for most routines.

If you use a multi-sided file, make sure the different surfaces remain clearly labelled so you know which one to use. Once an emery board is worn, it’s better to replace it rather than keep it tucked away as an emergency spare.

If you share your home with others, keeping personal files separate is a simple way to make your manicure routine more hygienic and helps you keep track of when each file needs replacing.

Match the file to the stage

Shortening a long free edge: If your nails need a significant trim, use suitable clippers first and then refine the shape with a nail file. This saves your finer file for the finishing touches.

Routine reshaping: Use the appropriate filing surface to shape the edge, checking the outline regularly as you go.

Smoothing a rough edge: For small imperfections, switch to a finer surface and focus only on the area that needs attention.

Surface finishing: If you want to smooth or add shine to the nail surface, use a suitable buffer or the labelled finishing side of a multi-sided file.

Choosing your file based on the job makes your manicure easier and helps avoid unnecessary filing.

Nail files and artificial enhancements

Artificial nails and specialist nail systems can require different files and techniques, so a file designed for everyday manicures may not be suitable for every enhancement.

Always follow the guidance for your particular nail system or speak to a qualified nail professional if you’re unsure. Avoid using a general nail file to remove or repair an enhancement that is painful, lifting or damaged.

File handling checklist

Before using your nail file, make sure it’s clean, dry, intact and that you know which surface is suitable for the job. Hold it comfortably and work with gentle, controlled movements.

After use, remove any nail dust and clean the file according to its care instructions before storing it safely.

Replace any file that is chipped, damaged, worn or has surfaces that are no longer clearly labelled. Glass files should be protected from knocks, while emery boards and multi-sided files should be kept dry and stored carefully.

Common mistakes

• Choosing by appearance instead of task
• Assuming all glass files work in both directions
• Using a worn emery board
• Ignoring the labelled order on a multi-sided file
• Treating a buffer as an edge file
• Using an unknown grit aggressively
• Continuing with a chipped glass file
• Storing files damp or loose with cutting tools